Which type of malware encrypts key files and folders and demands payment to unlock them?

Ransomware is a type of malware specifically designed to encrypt key files and folders on an infected system and then demand a ransom payment from the user to unlock them. The primary goal of ransomware is to extort money from victims by promising to restore access to their data upon receiving payment. This process typically involves a user losing access to their important files, which creates a high-pressure situation where they may feel compelled to pay the ransom in hopes of recovering their data.

This type of malware has gained notoriety for its effectiveness and the significant impact it can have on individuals and organizations. Ransomware attacks can cause severe disruptions and financial strain, as victims often have to weigh the risks of paying the ransom against the potential loss of important information.

While other types of malware exist, such as logic bombs, backdoors, and rootkits, they do not operate under the same premise as ransomware. Logic bombs are triggered by specific events, backdoors allow unauthorized access to a system, and rootkits are designed to hide the existence of certain processes or programs. Ransomware distinctly focuses on encrypting user data and leveraging this vulnerability for monetary gain.