What does PRNG stand for in cryptography?

PRNG stands for Pseudo-Random Number Generator. This term refers to algorithms used in cryptography and other applications to generate sequences of numbers that approximate the properties of random numbers. While the values produced by a PRNG are not truly random—because they are generated by deterministic algorithms—they are designed to be as unpredictable as possible within the constraints of their design. This unpredictability is crucial in cryptographic applications, such as key generation, where high-quality randomness underlies the security of the system.

A Pseudo-Random Number Generator typically uses a seed value, which determines the starting point for the number generation process. Even slight variations in the seed can lead to vastly different sequences, making it essential that the seed is also kept secret and secure in cryptographic contexts.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of PRNGs. Prior Random Network Generator and Protected Random Number Generator are not recognized terms in cryptography, and Passive Random Number Generation does not align with the active generation methods employed in cryptographic contexts. Thus, understanding PRNGs is critical for ensuring the security and effectiveness of cryptographic systems.